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Descrição dos Sistemas de Classificação presentes:

  • ACMCCS98
    • ACM Computing Classification System [1998 version]
    • Ontologia na área dos Sistemas de Informação e computação em geral.
  • EiT
    • Engineering Index Thesaurus
    • Ontologia na área das engenharias, especialmente dedicada à comunidade de Engenharia Civil.

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Filtro:
  • ACMCCS98
    • General Literature
      • GENERAL
        • Biographies/autobiographies
        • Conference proceedings
        • General literary works (e.g., fiction, plays)
      • INTRODUCTORY AND SURVEY
      • REFERENCE (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries)
      • MISCELLANEOUS
    • Hardware
      • GENERAL
      • CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING
        • General
        • Control Design Styles
          • Hardwired control
          • Microprogrammed logic arrays
          • Writable control store
        • Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
          • Automatic synthesis
          • Formal models
          • Simulation
        • Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
          • Diagnostics
          • Error-checking
          • Redundant design
          • Test generation
        • Microprogram Design Aids
          • Firmware engineering
          • Languages and compilers
          • Machine-independent microcode generation
          • Optimization
          • Verification
        • Microcode Applications
          • Direct data manipulation
          • Firmware support of operating systems/instruction sets
          • Instruction set interpretation
          • Peripheral control
          • Special-purpose
        • Miscellaneous
      • ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES
        • General
        • Design Styles
          • Calculator
          • Parallel
          • Pipeline
        • Performance Analysis and Design Aids
          • Simulation
          • Verification
          • Worst-case analysis
        • Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
          • Diagnostics
          • Error-checking
          • Redundant design
          • Test generation
        • High-Speed Arithmetic
          • Algorithms
          • Cost/performance
        • Miscellaneous
      • MEMORY STRUCTURES
        • General
        • Semiconductor Memories
          • Dynamic memory (DRAM)
          • Read-only memory (ROM)
          • Static memory (SRAM)
        • Design Styles
          • Associative memories
          • Cache memories
          • Interleaved memories
          • Mass storage (e.g., magnetic, optical, RAID)
          • Primary memory
          • Sequential-access memory
          • Shared memory
          • Virtual memory
        • Performance Analysis and Design Aids
          • Formal models
          • Simulation
          • Worst-case analysis
        • Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
          • Diagnostics
          • Error-checking
          • Redundant design
          • Test generation
        • Miscellaneous
      • INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
        • General
        • Data Communications Devices
          • Processors
          • Receivers (e.g., voice, data, image)
          • Transmitters
        • Input/Output Devices
          • Channels and controllers
          • Data terminals and printers
          • Image display
          • Voice
        • Interconnections (Subsystems)
          • Asynchronous/synchronous operation
          • Fiber optics
          • Interfaces
          • Parallel I/O
          • Physical structures (e.g., backplanes, cables, chip carriers)
          • Topology (e.g., bus, point-to-point)
        • Performance Analysis and Design Aids
          • Formal models
          • Simulation
          • Verification
          • Worst-case analysis
        • Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
          • Built-in tests
          • Diagnostics
          • Error-checking
          • Hardware reliability
          • Redundant design
          • Test generation
        • Miscellaneous
      • REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION
        • General
        • Design
          • Arithmetic and logic units
          • Control design
          • Data-path design
          • Memory design
          • Styles (e.g., parallel, pipeline, special-purpose)
        • Design Aids
          • Automatic synthesis
          • Hardware description languages
          • Optimization
          • Simulation
          • Verification
        • Reliability and Testing
          • Built-in tests
          • Error-checking
          • Redundant design
          • Test generation
          • Testability
        • Miscellaneous
      • LOGIC DESIGN
        • General
        • Design Styles
          • Cellular arrays and automata
          • Combinational logic
          • Logic arrays
          • Memory control and access
          • Memory used as logic
          • Parallel circuits
          • Sequential circuits
        • Reliability and Testing
          • Built-in tests
          • Error-checking
          • Redundant design
          • Test generation
          • Testability
        • Design Aids
          • Automatic synthesis
          • Hardware description languages
          • Optimization
          • Simulation
          • Switching theory
          • Verification
        • Miscellaneous
      • INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
        • General
        • Types and Design Styles
          • Advanced technologies
          • Algorithms implemented in hardware
          • Gate arrays
          • Input/output circuits
          • Memory technologies
          • Microprocessors and microcomputers
          • Standard cells
          • VLSI (very large scale integration)
        • Design Aids
          • Graphics
          • Layout
          • Placement and routing
          • Simulation
          • Verification
        • Reliability and Testing
          • Built-in tests
          • Error-checking
          • Redundant design
          • Test generation
          • Testability
        • Miscellaneous
      • PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
        • General
        • Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
        • Performance Analysis and Design Aids
        • Miscellaneous
      • MISCELLANEOUS
        • Design management
    • Computer Systems Organization
      • GENERAL
        • Hardware/software interfaces
        • Instruction set design (e.g., RISC, CISC, VLIW)
        • Modeling of computer architecture
        • System architectures
        • Systems specification methodology
      • PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES
        • General
        • Single Data Stream Architectures
          • Multiple-instruction-stream, single-data-stream processors (MISD)
          • Pipeline processors
          • RISC/CISC, VLIW architectures
          • Single-instruction-stream, single-data-stream processors (SISD)
          • Von Neumann architectures
        • Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
          • Array and vector processors
          • Associative processors
          • Connection machines
          • Interconnection architectures (e.g., common bus, multiport memory, crossbar switch)
          • Multiple-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (MIMD)
          • Parallel processors
          • Pipeline processors
          • Single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (SIMD)
        • Other Architecture Styles
          • Adaptable architectures
          • Analog computers
          • Capability architectures
          • Cellular architecture (e.g., mobile)
          • Data-flow architectures
          • Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems
          • High-level language architectures
          • Neural nets
          • Pipeline processors
          • Stack-oriented processors
        • Parallel Architectures
          • Distributed architectures
          • Mobile processors
        • Miscellaneous
          • Analog computers
          • Hybrid systems
      • COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
        • General
          • Data communications
          • Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI)
          • Security and protection (e.g., firewalls)
        • Network Architecture and Design
          • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
          • Centralized networks
          • Circuit-switching networks
          • Distributed networks
          • Frame relay networks
          • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
          • Network communications
          • Network topology
          • Packet-switching networks
          • Store and forward networks
          • Wireless communication
        • Network Protocols
          • Applications (SMTP, FTP, etc.)
          • Protocol architecture (OSI model)
          • Protocol verification
          • Routing protocols
        • Network Operations
          • Network management
          • Network monitoring
          • Public networks
        • Distributed Systems
          • Client/server
          • Distributed applications
          • Distributed databases
          • Network operating systems
        • Local and Wide-Area Networks
          • Access schemes
          • Buses
          • Ethernet (e.g., CSMA/CD)
          • High-speed (e.g., FDDI, fiber channel, ATM)
          • Internet (e.g., TCP/IP)
          • Token rings
        • Internetworking
          • Routers
          • Standards (e.g., TCP/IP)
        • Miscellaneous
      • SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS
        • Microprocessor/microcomputer applications
        • Process control systems
        • Real-time and embedded systems
        • Signal processing systems
        • Smartcards
      • PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS
        • Design studies
        • Fault tolerance
        • Measurement techniques
        • Modeling techniques
        • Performance attributes
        • Reliability, availability, and serviceability
      • COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
        • General
        • Large and Medium (``Mainframe'') Computers
          • Super (very large) computers
        • Minicomputers
        • Microcomputers
          • Microprocessors
          • Personal computers
          • Portable devices (e.g., laptops, personal digital assistants)
          • Workstations
        • VLSI Systems
        • Servers
        • Miscellaneous
      • MISCELLANEOUS
    • Software
      • GENERAL
      • PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
        • General
        • Applicative (Functional) Programming
        • Automatic Programming
        • Concurrent Programming
          • Distributed programming
          • Parallel programming
        • Sequential Programming
        • Object-oriented Programming
        • Logic Programming
        • Visual Programming
        • Miscellaneous
      • SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
        • General
          • Protection mechanisms
          • Standards
        • Requirements/Specifications
          • Elicitation methods (e.g., rapid prototyping, interviews, JAD)
          • Languages
          • Methodologies (e.g., object-oriented, structured)
          • Tools
        • Design Tools and Techniques
          • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
          • Decision tables
          • Evolutionary prototyping
          • Flow charts
          • Modules and interfaces
          • Object-oriented design methods
          • Petri nets
          • Programmer workbench
          • Software libraries
          • State diagrams
          • Structured programming
          • Top-down programming
          • User interfaces
        • Coding Tools and Techniques
          • Object-oriented programming
          • Pretty printers
          • Program editors
          • Reentrant code
          • Standards
          • Structured programming
          • Top-down programming
        • Software/Program Verification
          • Assertion checkers
          • Class invariants
          • Correctness proofs
          • Formal methods
          • Model checking
          • Programming by contract
          • Reliability
          • Statistical methods
          • Validation
        • Testing and Debugging
          • Code inspections and walk-throughs
          • Debugging aids
          • Diagnostics
          • Distributed debugging
          • Dumps
          • Error handling and recovery
          • Monitors
          • Symbolic execution
          • Testing tools (e.g., data generators, coverage testing)
          • Tracing
        • Programming Environments
          • Graphical environments
          • Integrated environments
          • Interactive environments
          • Programmer workbench
        • Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement
          • Corrections
          • Documentation
          • Enhancement
          • Extensibility
          • Portability
          • Restructuring, reverse engineering, and reengineering
          • Version control
        • Metrics
          • Complexity measures
          • Performance measures
          • Process metrics
          • Product metrics
          • Software science
        • Management
          • Copyrights
          • Cost estimation
          • Life cycle
          • Productivity
          • Programming teams
          • Software configuration management
          • Software process models (e.g., CMM, ISO, PSP)
          • Software quality assurance (SQA)
          • Time estimation
        • Design
          • Methodologies
          • Representation
        • Software Architectures
          • Data abstraction
          • Domain-specific architectures
          • Information hiding
          • Languages (e.g., description, interconnection, definition)
          • Patterns (e.g., client/server, pipeline, blackboard)
        • Interoperability
          • Data mapping
          • Distributed objects
          • Interface definition languages
        • Reusable Software
          • Domain engineering
          • Reusable libraries
          • Reuse models
        • Miscellaneous
          • Rapid prototyping
          • Reusable software
      • PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
        • General
          • Standards
        • Formal Definitions and Theory
          • Semantics
          • Syntax
        • Language Classifications
          • Applicative (functional) languages
          • Concurrent, distributed, and parallel languages
          • Constraint and logic languages
          • Data-flow languages
          • Design languages
          • Extensible languages
          • Macro and assembly languages
          • Microprogramming languages
          • Multiparadigm languages
          • Nondeterministic languages
          • Nonprocedural languages
          • Object-oriented languages
          • Specialized application languages
          • Very high-level languages
        • Language Constructs and Features
          • Abstract data types
          • Classes and objects
          • Concurrent programming structures
          • Constraints
          • Control structures
          • Coroutines
          • Data types and structures
          • Dynamic storage management
          • Frameworks
          • Inheritance
          • Input/output
          • Modules, packages
          • Patterns
          • Polymorphism
          • Procedures, functions, and subroutines
          • Recursion
        • Processors
          • Code generation
          • Compilers
          • Debuggers
          • Incremental compilers
          • Interpreters
          • Memory management (garbage collection)
          • Optimization
          • Parsing
          • Preprocessors
          • Retargetable compilers
          • Run-time environments
          • Translator writing systems and compiler generators
        • Miscellaneous
      • OPERATING SYSTEMS
        • General
        • Process Management
          • Concurrency
          • Deadlocks
          • Multiprocessing/multiprogramming/multitasking
          • Mutual exclusion
          • Scheduling
          • Synchronization
          • Threads
        • Storage Management
          • Allocation/deallocation strategies
          • Distributed memories
          • Garbage collection
          • Main memory
          • Secondary storage
          • Segmentation
          • Storage hierarchies
          • Swapping
          • Virtual memory
        • File Systems Management
          • Access methods
          • Directory structures
          • Distributed file systems
          • File organization
          • Maintenance
        • Communications Management
          • Buffering
          • Input/output
          • Message sending
          • Network communication
          • Terminal management
        • Reliability
          • Backup procedures
          • Checkpoint/restart
          • Fault-tolerance
          • Verification
        • Security and Protection
          • Access controls
          • Authentication
          • Cryptographic controls
          • Information flow controls
          • Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
          • Security kernels
          • Verification
        • Organization and Design
          • Batch processing systems
          • Distributed systems
          • Hierarchical design
          • Interactive systems
          • Real-time systems and embedded systems
        • Performance
          • Measurements
          • Modeling and prediction
          • Monitors
          • Operational analysis
          • Queueing theory
          • Simulation
          • Stochastic analysis
        • Systems Programs and Utilities
          • Command and control languages
          • Linkers
          • Loaders
          • Window managers
        • Miscellaneous
      • MISCELLANEOUS
        • Software psychology
    • Data
      • GENERAL
      • DATA STRUCTURES
        • Arrays
        • Distributed data structures
        • Graphs and networks
        • Lists, stacks, and queues
        • Records
        • Tables
        • Trees
      • DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
        • Composite structures
        • Contiguous representations
        • Hash-table representations
        • Linked representations
        • Object representation
        • Primitive data items
      • DATA ENCRYPTION
        • Code breaking
        • Data encryption standard (DES)
        • Public key cryptosystems
        • Standards (e.g., DES, PGP, RSA)
      • CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY
        • Data compaction and compression
        • Error control codes
        • Formal models of communication
        • Nonsecret encoding schemes
      • FILES
        • Backup/recovery
        • Optimization
        • Organization/structure
        • Sorting/searching
      • MISCELLANEOUS
    • Theory of Computation
      • GENERAL
      • COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES
        • General
        • Models of Computation
          • Automata (e.g., finite, push-down, resource-bounded)
          • Bounded-action devices (e.g., Turing machines, random access machines)
          • Computability theory
          • Relations between models
          • Self-modifying machines (e.g., neural networks)
          • Unbounded-action devices (e.g., cellular automata, circuits, networks of machines)
        • Modes of Computation
          • Alternation and nondeterminism
          • Interactive and reactive computation
          • Online computation
          • Parallelism and concurrency
          • Probabilistic computation
          • Relations among modes
          • Relativized computation
        • Complexity Measures and Classes
          • Complexity hierarchies
          • Machine-independent complexity
          • Reducibility and completeness
          • Relations among complexity classes
          • Relations among complexity measures
        • Miscellaneous
      • ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY
        • General
        • Numerical Algorithms and Problems
          • Computation of transforms (e.g., fast Fourier transform)
          • Computations in finite fields
          • Computations on matrices
          • Computations on polynomials
          • Number-theoretic computations (e.g., factoring, primality testing)
        • Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
          • Complexity of proof procedures
          • Computations on discrete structures
          • Geometrical problems and computations
          • Pattern matching
          • Routing and layout
          • Sequencing and scheduling
          • Sorting and searching
        • Tradeoffs between Complexity Measures
        • Miscellaneous
      • LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS
        • General
        • Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs
          • Assertions
          • Invariants
          • Logics of programs
          • Mechanical verification
          • Pre- and post-conditions
          • Specification techniques
        • Semantics of Programming Languages
          • Algebraic approaches to semantics
          • Denotational semantics
          • Operational semantics
          • Partial evaluation
          • Process models
          • Program analysis
        • Studies of Program Constructs
          • Control primitives
          • Functional constructs
          • Object-oriented constructs
          • Program and recursion schemes
          • Type structure
        • Miscellaneous
      • MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES
        • General
        • Mathematical Logic
          • Computability theory
          • Computational logic
          • Lambda calculus and related systems
          • Logic and constraint programming
          • Mechanical theorem proving
          • Modal logic
          • Model theory
          • Proof theory
          • Recursive function theory
          • Set theory
          • Temporal logic
        • Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems
          • Decision problems
          • Grammar types (e.g., context-free, context-sensitive)
          • Parallel rewriting systems (e.g., developmental systems, L-systems)
          • Parsing
          • Thue systems
        • Formal Languages
          • Algebraic language theory
          • Classes defined by grammars or automata (e.g., context-free languages, regular sets, recursive sets)
          • Classes defined by resource-bounded automata
          • Decision problems
          • Operations on languages
        • Miscellaneous
      • MISCELLANEOUS
    • Mathematics of Computing
      • GENERAL
      • NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
        • General
          • Computer arithmetic
          • Conditioning (and ill-conditioning)
          • Error analysis
          • Interval arithmetic
          • Multiple precision arithmetic
          • Numerical algorithms
          • Parallel algorithms
          • Stability (and instability)
        • Interpolation
          • Difference formulas
          • Extrapolation
          • Interpolation formulas
          • Smoothing
          • Spline and piecewise polynomial interpolation
        • Approximation
          • Approximation of surfaces and contours
          • Chebyshev approximation and theory
          • Elementary function approximation
          • Fast Fourier transforms (FFT)
          • Least squares approximation
          • Linear approximation
          • Minimax approximation and algorithms
          • Nonlinear approximation
          • Rational approximation
          • Special function approximations
          • Spline and piecewise polynomial approximation
          • Wavelets and fractals
        • Numerical Linear Algebra
          • Conditioning
          • Determinants
          • Eigenvalues and eigenvectors (direct and iterative methods)
          • Error analysis
          • Linear systems (direct and iterative methods)
          • Matrix inversion
          • Pseudoinverses
          • Singular value decomposition
          • Sparse, structured, and very large systems (direct and iterative methods)
        • Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation
          • Adaptive and iterative quadrature
          • Automatic differentiation
          • Equal interval integration
          • Error analysis
          • Finite difference methods
          • Gaussian quadrature
          • Iterative methods
          • Multidimensional (multiple) quadrature
        • Roots of Nonlinear Equations
          • Continuation (homotopy) methods
          • Convergence
          • Error analysis
          • Iterative methods
          • Polynomials, methods for
          • Systems of equations
        • Optimization
          • Constrained optimization
          • Convex programming
          • Global optimization
          • Gradient methods
          • Integer programming
          • Least squares methods
          • Linear programming
          • Nonlinear programming
          • Quadratic programming methods
          • Simulated annealing
          • Stochastic programming
          • Unconstrained optimization
        • Ordinary Differential Equations
          • Boundary value problems
          • Chaotic systems
          • Convergence and stability
          • Differential-algebraic equations
          • Error analysis
          • Finite difference methods
          • Initial value problems
          • Multistep and multivalue methods
          • One-step (single step) methods
          • Stiff equations
        • Partial Differential Equations
          • Domain decomposition methods
          • Elliptic equations
          • Finite difference methods
          • Finite element methods
          • Finite volume methods
          • Hyperbolic equations
          • Inverse problems
          • Iterative solution techniques
          • Method of lines
          • Multigrid and multilevel methods
          • Parabolic equations
          • Spectral methods
        • Integral Equations
          • Delay equations
          • Fredholm equations
          • Integro-differential equations
          • Volterra equations
        • Applications
        • Miscellaneous
      • DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
        • General
        • Combinatorics
          • Combinatorial algorithms
          • Counting problems
          • Generating functions
          • Permutations and combinations
          • Recurrences and difference equations
        • Graph Theory
          • Graph algorithms
          • Graph labeling
          • Hypergraphs
          • Network problems
          • Path and circuit problems
          • Trees
        • Applications
        • Miscellaneous
      • PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
        • Contingency table analysis
        • Correlation and regression analysis
        • Distribution functions
        • Experimental design
        • Markov processes
        • Multivariate statistics
        • Nonparametric statistics
        • Probabilistic algorithms (including Monte Carlo)
        • Queueing theory
        • Random number generation
        • Reliability and life testing
        • Renewal theory
        • Robust regression
        • Statistical computing
        • Statistical software
        • Stochastic processes
        • Survival analysis
        • Time series analysis
      • MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE
        • Algorithm design and analysis
        • Certification and testing
        • Documentation
        • Efficiency
        • Parallel and vector implementations
        • Portability
        • Reliability and robustness
        • User interfaces
        • Verification
      • MISCELLANEOUS
        • Queueing theory
    • Information Systems
      • GENERAL
      • MODELS AND PRINCIPLES
        • General
        • Systems and Information Theory
          • General systems theory
          • Information theory
          • Value of information
        • User/Machine Systems
          • Human factors
          • Human information processing
          • Software psychology
        • Miscellaneous
      • DATABASE MANAGEMENT
        • General
          • Security, integrity, and protection
        • Logical Design
          • Data models
          • Normal forms
          • Schema and subschema
        • Physical Design
          • Access methods
          • Deadlock avoidance
          • Recovery and restart
        • Languages
          • Data description languages (DDL)
          • Data manipulation languages (DML)
          • Database (persistent) programming languages
          • Query languages
          • Report writers
        • Systems
          • Concurrency
          • Distributed databases
          • Multimedia databases
          • Object-oriented databases
          • Parallel databases
          • Query processing
          • Relational databases
          • Rule-based databases
          • Textual databases
          • Transaction processing
        • Heterogeneous Databases
          • Data translation
          • Program translation
        • Database Machines
        • Database Administration
          • Data dictionary/directory
          • Data warehouse and repository
          • Logging and recovery
          • Security, integrity, and protection
        • Database Applications
          • Data mining
          • Image databases
          • Scientific databases
          • Spatial databases and GIS
          • Statistical databases
        • Miscellaneous
      • INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
        • General
        • Content Analysis and Indexing
          • Abstracting methods
          • Dictionaries
          • Indexing methods
          • Linguistic processing
          • Thesauruses
        • Information Storage
          • File organization
          • Record classification
        • Information Search and Retrieval
          • Clustering
          • Information filtering
          • Query formulation
          • Relevance feedback
          • Retrieval models
          • Search process
          • Selection process
        • Systems and Software
          • Current awareness systems (selective dissemination of information--SDI)
          • Distributed systems
          • Information networks
          • Performance evaluation (efficiency and effectiveness)
          • Question-answering (fact retrieval) systems
          • User profiles and alert services
        • Online Information Services
          • Commercial services
          • Data sharing
          • Web-based services
        • Library Automation
          • Large text archives
        • Digital Libraries
          • Collection
          • Dissemination
          • Standards
          • Systems issues
          • User issues
        • Miscellaneous
      • INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
        • General
        • Office Automation
          • Desktop publishing
          • Equipment
          • Groupware
          • Spreadsheets
          • Time management (e.g., calendars, schedules)
          • Word processing
          • Workflow management
        • Types of Systems
          • Decision support (e.g., MIS)
          • Logistics
        • Communications Applications
          • Bulletin boards
          • Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing
          • Electronic mail
          • Information browsers
          • Videotex
        • Miscellaneous
      • INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)
        • General
        • Multimedia Information Systems
          • Animations
          • Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities
          • Audio input/output
          • Evaluation/methodology
          • Hypertext navigation and maps
          • Video (e.g., tape, disk, DVI)
        • User Interfaces
          • Auditory (non-speech) feedback
          • Benchmarking
          • Ergonomics
          • Evaluation/methodology
          • Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
          • Haptic I/O
          • Input devices and strategies (e.g., mouse, touchscreen)
          • Interaction styles (e.g., commands, menus, forms, direct manipulation)
          • Natural language
          • Prototyping
          • Screen design (e.g., text, graphics, color)
          • Standardization
          • Style guides
          • Theory and methods
          • Training, help, and documentation
          • User-centered design
          • User interface management systems (UIMS)
          • Voice I/O
          • Windowing systems
        • Group and Organization Interfaces
          • Asynchronous interaction
          • Collaborative computing
          • Computer-supported cooperative work
          • Evaluation/methodology
          • Organizational design
          • Synchronous interaction
          • Theory and models
          • Web-based interaction
        • Hypertext/Hypermedia
          • Architectures
          • Navigation
          • Theory
          • User issues
        • Sound and Music Computing
          • Methodologies and techniques
          • Modeling
          • Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing
          • Systems
        • Miscellaneous
      • MISCELLANEOUS
    • Computing Methodologies
      • GENERAL
      • SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION
        • General
        • Expressions and Their Representation
          • Representations (general and polynomial)
          • Simplification of expressions
        • Algorithms
          • Algebraic algorithms
          • Analysis of algorithms
          • Nonalgebraic algorithms
        • Languages and Systems
          • Evaluation strategies
          • Nonprocedural languages
          • Special-purpose algebraic systems
          • Special-purpose hardware
          • Substitution mechanisms
        • Applications
        • Miscellaneous
      • ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
        • General
          • Cognitive simulation
          • Philosophical foundations
        • Applications and Expert Systems
          • Cartography
          • Games
          • Industrial automation
          • Law
          • Medicine and science
          • Natural language interfaces
          • Office automation
        • Automatic Programming
          • Automatic analysis of algorithms
          • Program modification
          • Program synthesis
          • Program transformation
          • Program verification
        • Deduction and Theorem Proving
          • Answer/reason extraction
          • Deduction (e.g., natural, rule-based)
          • Inference engines
          • Logic programming
          • Mathematical induction
          • Metatheory
          • Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision
          • Resolution
          • Uncertainty, ``fuzzy,'' and probabilistic reasoning
        • Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods
          • Frames and scripts
          • Modal logic
          • Predicate logic
          • Relation systems
          • Representation languages
          • Representations (procedural and rule-based)
          • Semantic networks
          • Temporal logic
        • Programming Languages and Software
          • Expert system tools and techniques
        • Learning
          • Analogies
          • Concept learning
          • Connectionism and neural nets
          • Induction
          • Knowledge acquisition
          • Language acquisition
          • Parameter learning
        • Natural Language Processing
          • Discourse
          • Language generation
          • Language models
          • Language parsing and understanding
          • Machine translation
          • Speech recognition and synthesis
          • Text analysis
        • Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search
          • Backtracking
          • Control theory
          • Dynamic programming
          • Graph and tree search strategies
          • Heuristic methods
          • Plan execution, formation, and generation
          • Scheduling
        • Robotics
          • Autonomous vehicles
          • Commercial robots and applications
          • Kinematics and dynamics
          • Manipulators
          • Operator interfaces
          • Propelling mechanisms
          • Sensors
          • Workcell organization and planning
        • Vision and Scene Understanding
          • 3D/stereo scene analysis
          • Architecture and control structures
          • Intensity, color, photometry, and thresholding
          • Modeling and recovery of physical attributes
          • Motion
          • Perceptual reasoning
          • Representations, data structures, and transforms
          • Shape
          • Texture
          • Video analysis
        • Distributed Artificial Intelligence
          • Coherence and coordination
          • Intelligent agents
          • Languages and structures
          • Multiagent systems
        • Miscellaneous
      • COMPUTER GRAPHICS
        • General
        • Hardware Architecture
          • Graphics processors
          • Hardcopy devices
          • Input devices
          • Parallel processing
          • Raster display devices
          • Storage devices
          • Three-dimensional displays
          • Vector display devices
        • Graphics Systems
          • Distributed/network graphics
          • Remote systems
          • Stand-alone systems
        • Picture/Image Generation
          • Antialiasing
          • Bitmap and framebuffer operations
          • Digitizing and scanning
          • Display algorithms
          • Line and curve generation
          • Viewing algorithms
        • Graphics Utilities
          • Application packages
          • Device drivers
          • Graphics editors
          • Graphics packages
          • Meta files
          • Paint systems
          • Picture description languages
          • Software support
          • Virtual device interfaces
        • Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
          • Boundary representations
          • Constructive solid geometry (CSG)
          • Curve, surface, solid, and object representations
          • Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems
          • Hierarchy and geometric transformations
          • Modeling packages
          • Object hierarchies
          • Physically based modeling
          • Splines
        • Methodology and Techniques
          • Device independence
          • Ergonomics
          • Graphics data structures and data types
          • Interaction techniques
          • Languages
          • Standards
        • Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
          • Animation
          • Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
          • Fractals
          • Hidden line/surface removal
          • Radiosity
          • Raytracing
          • Virtual reality
          • Visible line/surface algorithms
        • Applications
        • Miscellaneous
      • IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION
        • General
          • Image displays
          • Image processing software
        • Digitization and Image Capture
          • Camera calibration
          • Imaging geometry
          • Quantization
          • Radiometry
          • Reflectance
          • Sampling
          • Scanning
        • Compression (Coding)
          • Approximate methods
          • Exact coding
        • Enhancement
          • Filtering
          • Geometric correction
          • Grayscale manipulation
          • Registration
          • Sharpening and deblurring
          • Smoothing
        • Restoration
          • Inverse filtering
          • Kalman filtering
          • Pseudoinverse restoration
          • Wiener filtering
        • Reconstruction
          • Series expansion methods
          • Summation methods
          • Transform methods
        • Segmentation
          • Edge and feature detection
          • Pixel classification
          • Region growing, partitioning
          • Relaxation
        • Feature Measurement
          • Feature representation
          • Invariants
          • Moments
          • Projections
          • Size and shape
          • Texture
        • Scene Analysis
          • Color
          • Depth cues
          • Motion
          • Object recognition
          • Photometry
          • Range data
          • Sensor fusion
          • Shading
          • Shape
          • Stereo
          • Surface fitting
          • Time-varying imagery
          • Tracking
        • Applications
        • Image Representation
          • Hierarchical
          • Morphological
          • Multidimensional
          • Statistical
          • Volumetric
        • Miscellaneous
      • PATTERN RECOGNITION
        • General
        • Models
          • Deterministic
          • Fuzzy set
          • Geometric
          • Neural nets
          • Statistical
          • Structural
        • Design Methodology
          • Classifier design and evaluation
          • Feature evaluation and selection
          • Pattern analysis
        • Clustering
          • Algorithms
          • Similarity measures
        • Applications
          • Computer vision
          • Signal processing
          • Text processing
          • Waveform analysis
        • Implementation
          • Interactive systems
          • Special architectures
        • Miscellaneous
      • SIMULATION AND MODELING
        • General
        • Simulation Theory
          • Model classification
          • Systems theory
          • Types of simulation (continuous and discrete)
        • Simulation Languages
        • Applications
        • Model Validation and Analysis
        • Model Development
          • Modeling methodologies
        • Simulation Output Analysis
        • Simulation Support Systems
          • Environments
        • Types of Simulation
          • Animation
          • Combined
          • Continuous
          • Discrete event
          • Distributed
          • Gaming
          • Monte Carlo
          • Parallel
          • Visual
        • Miscellaneous
      • DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING
        • General
        • Document and Text Editing
          • Document management
          • Languages
          • Spelling
          • Version control
        • Document Preparation
          • Desktop publishing
          • Format and notation
          • Hypertext/hypermedia
          • Index generation
          • Languages and systems
          • Markup languages
          • Multi/mixed media
          • Photocomposition/typesetting
          • Scripting languages
          • Standards
        • Index Generation
        • Electronic Publishing
        • Document Capture
          • Document analysis
          • Graphics recognition and interpretation
          • Optical character recognition (OCR)
          • Scanning
        • Miscellaneous
      • MISCELLANEOUS
    • Computer Applications
      • GENERAL
      • ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING
        • Business
        • Education
        • Financial (e.g., EFTS)
        • Government
        • Law
        • Manufacturing
        • Marketing
        • Military
      • PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
        • Aerospace
        • Archaeology
        • Astronomy
        • Chemistry
        • Earth and atmospheric sciences
        • Electronics
        • Engineering
        • Mathematics and statistics
        • Physics
      • LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
        • Biology and genetics
        • Health
        • Medical information systems
      • SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
        • Economics
        • Psychology
        • Sociology
      • ARTS AND HUMANITIES
        • Architecture
        • Arts, fine and performing
        • Fine arts
        • Language translation
        • Linguistics
        • Literature
        • Music
        • Performing arts (e.g., dance, music)
      • COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING
        • Computer-aided design (CAD)
        • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
      • COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS
        • Command and control
        • Consumer products
        • Industrial control
        • Military
        • Process control
        • Publishing
        • Real time
      • MISCELLANEOUS
    • Computing Milieux
      • GENERAL
      • THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY
        • Markets
        • Standards
        • Statistics
        • Suppliers
      • HISTORY OF COMPUTING
        • Hardware
        • People
        • Software
        • Systems
        • Theory
      • COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION
        • General
        • Computer Uses in Education
          • Collaborative learning
          • Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
          • Computer-managed instruction (CMI)
          • Distance learning
        • Computer and Information Science Education
          • Accreditation
          • Computer science education
          • Curriculum
          • Information systems education
          • Literacy
          • Self-assessment
        • Miscellaneous
          • Accreditation
          • Computer literacy
      • COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY
        • General
        • Public Policy Issues
          • Abuse and crime involving computers
          • Computer-related health issues
          • Ethics
          • Human safety
          • Intellectual property rights
          • Privacy
          • Regulation
          • Transborder data flow
          • Use/abuse of power
        • Social Issues
          • Abuse and crime involving computers
          • Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities
          • Employment
          • Handicapped persons/special needs
        • Organizational Impacts
          • Automation
          • Computer-supported collaborative work
          • Employment
          • Reengineering
        • Electronic Commerce
          • Cybercash, digital cash
          • Distributed commercial transactions
          • Electronic data interchange (EDI)
          • Intellectual property
          • Payment schemes
          • Security
        • Miscellaneous
      • LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING
        • General
        • Hardware/Software Protection
          • Copyrights
          • Licensing
          • Patents
          • Proprietary rights
          • Trade secrets
        • Governmental Issues
          • Censorship
          • Regulation
          • Taxation
        • Miscellaneous
          • Contracts
          • Hardware patents
      • MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
        • General
          • Economics
        • Project and People Management
          • Life cycle
          • Management techniques (e.g., PERT/CPM)
          • Staffing
          • Strategic information systems planning
          • Systems analysis and design
          • Systems development
          • Training
        • Installation Management
          • Benchmarks
          • Computer selection
          • Computing equipment management
          • Performance and usage measurement
          • Pricing and resource allocation
        • Software Management
          • Software development
          • Software maintenance
          • Software process
          • Software selection
        • System Management
          • Centralization/decentralization
          • Management audit
          • Quality assurance
        • Security and Protection
          • Authentication
          • Insurance
          • Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
          • Physical security
          • Unauthorized access (e.g., hacking, phreaking)
        • Miscellaneous
          • Insurance
          • Security
      • THE COMPUTING PROFESSION
        • General
        • Occupations
        • Organizations
        • Testing, Certification, and Licensing
        • Professional Ethics
          • Codes of ethics
          • Codes of good practice
          • Ethical dilemmas
        • Miscellaneous
          • Codes of good practice
          • Ethics
      • PERSONAL COMPUTING
        • Games
        • General
          • Games
        • Application Packages
          • Data communications
          • Database processing
          • Freeware/shareware
          • Graphics
          • Spreadsheets
          • Word processing
        • Hardware
        • Management/Maintenance
        • Miscellaneous
      • MISCELLANEOUS
  • EiT
    • Civil Engineering, General
      • Bridges and Tunnels
        • Bridges
        • Tunnels and Tunneling
      • Buildings and Towers
        • Industrial and Agricultural Buildings
        • Public Buildings
        • Residences
        • Towers
      • Urban and Regional Planning and Development
        • Urban Planning and Development
        • Regional Planning and Development
      • Civil Defense and Military Engineering
        • Military Engineering
        • Civil Defense
      • Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying
        • Construction Equipment
        • Construction Methods
        • Surveying
      • Highway Engineering
        • Highway Systems
        • Roads and Streets
      • Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways
        • Maritime Structures
        • Waterways
        • Coastal Engineering
      • Structural Design
        • Structural Design (General)
        • Structural Members and Shapes
      • Civil Engineering, General
    • Construction Materials
      • Bituminous Materials
        • Asphalt
        • Coal Tar
      • Concrete
        • Cement
        • Concrete Reinforcements
      • Insulating Materials
        • Electric Insulating Materials
        • Heat Insulating Materials
        • Sound Insulating Materials
      • Masonry Materials
        • Brick making
        • Brick Materials
        • Mortar
      • Metals, Plastics, Wood and Other Structural Materials
        • Metal Structural Materials
        • Plastics Structural Materials
        • Wood Structural Materials
        • Other Structural Material
    • Building Materials Properties and Testing
      • Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
      • Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods
        • Test Equipment
        • Test Methods
      • Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
        • Test Equipment
        • Test Methods
    • Transportation
      • Air Transportation
        • Air Transportation (General)
        • Passenger Air Transportation
        • Cargo Air Transportation
        • Airports
        • Air Navigation and Traffic Control
      • Highway Transportation
        • Highway Transportation (General)
        • Passenger Highway Transportation
        • Cargo Highway Transportation
        • Highway Traffic Control
      • Railroad Transportation
        • Railroad Transportation (General)
        • Passenger Railroad Transportation
        • Freight Railroad Transportation
        • Railroad Traffic Control
      • Waterway Transportation
        • Waterway Transportation (General)
        • Passenger Waterway Transportation
        • Cargo Waterway Transportation
        • Waterway Navigation
    • Water and Waterworks Engineering
      • Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development
        • Dams
        • Reservoirs
        • Related Hydraulic Structures
      • Flood Control; Land Reclamation
        • Flood Control
        • Land Reclamation
      • Meteorology
        • Atmospheric Properties
        • Meteorological Instrumentation
        • Precipitation
      • Water Resources
        • Surface Water
        • Groundwater
      • Water Treatment
        • Water Treatment Techniques
          • Potable Water Treatment Techniques
          • Water Treatment Techniques for Industrial Use
        • Water Analysis
      • Waterworks
        • Water Supply Systems
        • Related Hydraulic Structures
    • Pollution, Sanitary Engineering, Wastes
      • Air Pollution
        • Air Pollution Sources
        • Air Pollution Control
      • Sewage and Industrial Wastes Treatment
        • Sewage
        • Sewage Treatment
        • Industrial Wastes
        • Industrial Wastes Treatment
      • Water Pollution
        • Water Pollution Sources
        • Water Pollution Control
      • Environmental Engineering
        • Environmental Engineering (General)
        • Environmental Impact and Protection
        • Ecology and Ecosystems
    • Bioengineering
      • Bioengineering
        • Biomedical Engineering
        • Biological Materials
        • Biomechanics
        • Human Engineering
        • Human Rehabilitation Engineering
        • Medicine
        • Health Care
        • Biotechnology
        • Biology
          • Immunology
      • Biomedical Equipment
        • Biomedical Equipment (General)
        • Hospitals, Equipment and Supplies
        • Dental Equipment and Supplies
        • Prosthetics
        • Biomaterials
    • Ocean and Underwater Technology
      • Marine Science and Oceanography
        • Oceanography (General)
        • Oceanographic Research Instruments
        • Oceanographic Techniques
        • Seawater, Tides and Waves
        • Sea as Source of Minerals and Food
      • Ocean Engineering
    • Engineering Geology
      • Geology and Geophysics
        • Geology
          • Geomorphology
          • Petrology
        • Geochemistry
        • Geophysics
          • Geothermal Phenomena
          • Earth Magnetism and Terrestrial Electricity
      • Mineralogy
        • Mineralogical Techniques
        • Minerals
      • Soil Mechanics and Foundations
        • Soils and Soil Mechanics
        • Foundations
      • Seismology
        • Earthquake Measurements and Analysis
        • Secondary Earthquake Effects
        • Earthquake Resistance

 

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Universidade do Minho. Todos os direitos reservados; Logotipo, Patricia Braga
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